2 septembre 1941
31 mars 1945
France. Commissariat général aux prisonniers de guerre rapatriés et aux familles de prisonniers de guerre (1941-1945)
Les services furent organisés par un décret du 24 novembre 1941 et réorganisés le 2 novembre 1942. A ce moment, le Commissariat comprenait essentiellement : un Cabinet chargé des questions de propagande, un Secrétariat général qui s'occupait de la gestion administrative, de l'étude des problèmes relevant de la compétence du Commissariat et des liaisons extérieures, deux directions de zône (Paris-Vichy) comprenant chacune un service de direction, des services centraux chargés de la direction des Maisons du Prisonnier et des Centres d'entraide, un service d'inspection.
Les Maisons du Prisonnier et les Centres d'entraide représentaient les deux moyens d'action du Commissariat. Les premières, créées au chef-lieu de chaque département en collaboration avec le Secours National, ressemblaient tous les services publics s'occupant des familles de prisonniers et des prisonniers rapatriés, ce qui leur évitait de multiples démarches. Chaque Maison comprenait un Secrétariat central, ancien Secrétariat du Libéré, qui était un bureau de renseignements, un Service de reclassement professionnel émanant du Ministère du Travail, un Service social dépendant du Secours national, un Service médical assuré par la Croix-Rouge française, un Service de renseignements militaires, un Bureau agricole pour les prisonniers ruraux.
Les Centres d'entraide créés par une décision du Commissariat général en date du 26 mai 1942 étaient les prolongements, dans les arrondissements, les cantons et les communes, des Maisons du Prisonnier ; services uniquement sociaux, ils étaient assurés par d'anciens prisonniers.
L'organisation du Commissariat subit diverses vicissitudes pour aboutir, en 1944, à l'état suivant un Cabinet comprenant un Secrétariat particulier, le Service des Liaisons extérieures, la Direction de l'Inspection régionale, la Direction de l'Information (propagande, presse, radio, cinéma), le Service littéraire et enfin la Délégation de Vichy, reste de l'ancienne direction de zône ; un Secrétariat général coiffant les Services administratifs et financiers, le Service de Contrôle et Coordination des manifestations, le Service "Statistiques et Documentation générale", la Direction générale des Maisons du Prisonnier, le Service du Livret et du Recensement professionnel des prisonniers ; la Direction générale des Services techniques avec les Secrétariats sociaux, le Service juridique et le Service professionnel ; la Direction générale des services médicaux et sociaux ; la Direction générale de l'Entraide avec neuf services : Textiles, Centres d'entraide d'entreprises, Familles et enfants de prisonniers, Manifestations artistiques, Accueil, Centres d'entraide des femmes de prisonniers, Equipes prisonniers, Prisonniers coloniaux rapatriés, Documentation-propagande ; enfin le Mouvement "Prisonniers".
Organigramme
Commissariat général aux prisonniers de guerre rapatriés et aux familles de prisonniers de guerre (3 rue Meyerber).
Organisation en 1944.
I. Cabinet.
Secrétariat particulier.
Service des liaisons extérieures.
Direction de l'Inspection régionale.
Direction de l'Information (propagande, presse, radio).
Service littéraire.
Délégation de Vichy, 1 rue Hubert Colombier.
II. Secrétariat général.
Direction des services administratifs et financiers.
Service des manifestations.
Service Statistiques et Documentation générale.
Direction générale des Maisons du Prisonnier, 62 rue de la Chaussée d'Antin.
Service du Livret et du Recensement des prisonniers, 42 rue La Boëtie.
III. Direction générale des services techniques, 62 rue de la Chaussée d'Antin.
Service des Secrétariats sociaux.
Direction des Services juridiques et d'études législatives.
Direction des Services professionnels.
IV. Direction générale des Services médicaux et sociaux.
V. Direction générale de l'Entraide, 62 rue de la Chaussée d'Antin.
Service Textile.
Service des Centres d'entraide d'entreprises.
Service Familles et enfants de prisonniers.
Service des Manifestations artistiques.
Service d'Accueil (Nancy, Compiègne, Paris).
Centres d'entraide des femmes des prisonniers.
Service des Equipes Prisonniers.
Service des Coloniaux rapatriés.
Service de Documentation-propagande.
VI. Mouvement "Prisonniers", 62 rue de la Chaussée d'Antin.
Le Commissariat au Reclassement des Prisonniers de Guerre a été créé par la loi du 2 septembre 1941 en vue d'aider et de guider les prisonniers rapatriés pendant toute la période de réadaptation qui suit la démobilisation. Il était rattaché à la Vice-Présidence du Conseil.
Avant sa création deux organismes facilitaient le reclassement du prisonnier : une Commission du Retour du Prisonnier de Guerre créée auprès du Comité central d'Assistance aux Prisonniers de Guerre par arrêté du 16 mai 1941 et chargée de préparer des textes de lois prévoyant le reclassement des prisonniers ; les résultats de ses travaux étaient transmis au Cabinet du Ministre de la Guerre ; par décret du 24 septembre 1941, cette Commission fut rattachée au Commissariat dont elle devint le bureau législatif ; et des Secrétariats du Libéré, simples bureaux de renseignements, qui fonctionnaient également dans le cadre du Comité d'Assistance et furent absorbés ultérieurement par les Maisons du Prisonnier. La tâche du Commissariat fut étendue par la loi du 20 juillet 1942 qui le transforma en Commissariat général aux Prisonniers de Guerre rapatriés et aux Familles de Prisonniers de Guerre en lui confiant la mission d'aider matériellement et moralement les familles de prisonniers.
Le premier Commissaire fut Maurice Pinot, nommé par décret du 21 septembre 1941 ; André Masson lui succéda en janvier 1943, Robert Moreau en février 1944. Tous les membres du personnel étaient des prisonniers rapatriés.
A la Libération, les services du Commissariat furent pris en charge par le Ministère des Prisonniers, Déportés et Réfugiés et la situation fut régularisée par le décret du 31 mars 1945 portant fusion des services du Commissariat aux Prisonniers de Guerre rapatriés et aux Familles de Prisonniers de Guerre dans l'ensemble des services du Ministère.
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