15 novembre 1866
La Ligue est dissoute en avril 1942 et reprend ses activités après la seconde guerre mondiale.
Ligue française de l'enseignement
Ligue de l'enseignement (France)
LFEEP-CGOL
Ligue française de l'enseignement et de l'éducation permanente-Confédération générale des oeuvres laïques (1866-....)
Décret du 31 mai 1930 portant reconnaissance d'utilité publique de la Ligue française de l'enseignement et de l'éducation permanente
Arrêté du 8 janvier 1985 concédant à la Ligue française de l'ensiegnement et de l'éducation permanente les missions à caractère de service public constituant un prolongement de l'action éducative [en ligne : http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jopdf/common/jo_pdf.jsp?numJO=0&dateJO=19850116&numTexte=&pageDebut=00574&pageFin=]
Arrêté du 19 avril 1985 modifiant l'arrêté du 8 janvier 1985 [en ligne : http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jopdf/common/jo_pdf.jsp?numJO=0&dateJO=19850502&numTexte=&pageDebut=05018&pageFin=]
La Ligue de l’enseignement œuvre dans les domaines de l’éducation, des pratiques artistiques et culturelles, des activités sportives, des vacances et des loisirs, de la formation professionnelle, de l’intervention sociale et de la solidarité, de l’environnement et du développement durable. La Ligue de l’enseignement a pour but de favoriser l’accès de tous à l’éducation, la culture, les loisirs ou le sport en promouvant diverses actions et en participant aux réflexion sur l'évolution de l'école et des enseignements. En 2016, elle gère un réseau de près de 30 000 associations locales regroupées en une centaine de fédérations départementales et en 13 unions régionales. Elle se compose d'un conseil d'administration, d'un bureau, d'un secrétariat national, d'une direction générale des services, ainsi que de pôles thématiques (assurances, formation professionnelle, programmes confédéraux, vacances et séjours éducatifs, fonctions supports).
Elle a eu pour présidents successifs : Jean Macé (1866-1894), Léon Bourgeois (1894-1898), Étienne Jacquin (1898-1902), Ferdinand Buisson (1902-1906), Arthur Charles Dessoye (1906-1919), Daniel Berthelot (1919-1922), François Albert (1922-1933), Joseph Brenier (1933-1942), Albert Bayet (1946-1959), Henri Faure (1959-1973), Jean Grenier (1973-1975), Jean Debiesse (1975-1979), Paul Fahy (1979-1981), Pierre Delfaud (1981-1991), Claude Julien (1991-1998), Roger Lesgards (1998-2001), Jacqueline Costa-Lascoux (2001-2003), Jean-Michel Ducomte (depuis 2003).
La Ligue de l'enseignement est une confédération d'associations françaises d'éducation populaire et laïque. Elle est créée par Jean Macé, journaliste et enseignant pour jeunes filles au pensionnat du Petit-Château à Beblenheim (Alsace). Très impliqué dans la vie politique française, il estime en effet dès 1948, à la suite du coup d'État de Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, qu'« avant d'instituer le suffrage universel, il aurait fallu trente ans d'instruction obligatoire... » afin que chaque électeur puisse jouer pleinement son rôle de citoyen et que tous prennent connaissance des responsabilités que ce nouveau mode de suffrage implique. Le 15 novembre 1866, Jean Macé annonce officiellement la naissance de la Ligue française de l'enseignement. Les trois premiers adhérents sont trois hommes du peuple : un sergent de ville, un conducteur de chemin de fer et un tailleur de pierres.
À partir de 1867, l'association du Cercle parisien adhère à la Ligue française de l'enseignement. Très vite, et bien que les statuts ne mentionnent pas de modifications dans leur fonctionnement, la Ligue et le Cercle parisien unifient leur direction et ne conservent à leur tête qu'un unique président. Jean Macé est choisi au détriment de Camille Flammarion, premier président du Cercle parisien, qui décide de s'effacer devant le fondateur de la Ligue.
Entre 1871 et 1881, le Cercle parisien est utilisé par Jean Macé comme organe central pour la Ligue, dont l'existence ne peut pas être reconnue officiellement, suite au refus des pouvoirs publics de la doter de statuts officiels. Au cours de cette période, le nouveau président organise un service de librairie en faveur des bibliothèques populaires, pédagogiques et régimentaires qui ont adhéré à la Ligue. Entre 1871 et 1889, il tente aussi de mobiliser l'opinion publique pour influencer le travail du législateur sur l'enseignement primaire et la formation prémilitaire des jeunes gens.
Une pétition en faveur d'une instruction publique, gratuite, obligatoire et laïque est lancée avec l'aide de la presse libérale et du Cercle parisien. Le « mouvement national du sou contre l'ignorance » lancé en septembre 1871 permet de recueillir en quinze mois plus de 1 300 000 signatures remises à l'Assemblée nationale. En novembre 1872, une nouvelle campagne est lancée auprès des élus locaux sur la question de la laïcité, conçue comme « neutralité de l'école publique». Face au gouvernement prônant « l'ordre moral », la Ligue se rapproche de l'armée par le biais des bibliothèques régimentaires. Sa devise est alors « pour la patrie, par le livre et l'épée ».
En avril 1881, un grand congrès est organisé en vue de donner à la Ligue sa forme fédérale. Le poids et le crédit accordés à la Ligue prennent de plus en plus d'importance et les actions menées par l'organisation laïque commencent à être reconnues par les institutions publiques. Le 21 avril 1881, au Trocadéro, elle est ainsi consacrée « organisation républicaine » par Léon Gambetta. L'arrivée de Jules Ferry au ministère de l'Instruction publique et des Beaux-Arts marque un grand changement. Sous l'influence d'autres ligueurs, Ferdinand Buisson, Paul Bert et René Goblet, le Parlement vote les lois scolaires sur la gratuité de l'enseignement primaire (16 juin 1881), l'obligation et la laïcité (28 mars 1882). En 1886, plus du tiers des députés et des sénateurs sont membres de la Ligue.
À partir de 1894, la Ligue s'implique de plus en plus dans les œuvres post-scolaires au moyen des patronages laïcs et de la mutualité scolaire. À partir de cette date également, et surtout après 1905 et le vote de la loi de séparation des églises et de l'État, l'influence de Jean Macé au sein de l'association s'estompe progressivement, bien que son rôle dans la création et le développement de la Ligue soit toujours respecté.
En décembre 1925, une « assemblée constituante de la Ligue régénérée » modifie ses structures et décentralise l'association. La Ligue prend alors le nom de « Confédération générale des oeuvres laïques scolaires, postscolaires, d'éducation et de solidarité sociale ». Elle est reconnue d'utilité publique par le décret du 31 mai 1930.
L'entre-deux-guerres permet à la Ligue de se développer et de lancer de nouveaux projets. Ainsi, dans le souci de mettre l'art, les techniques, les disciplines sportives au service de tous, elle crée des sections spécialisées, les « UFO ». La première, en 1928, l'Union française des œuvres laïques d'éducation physique (UFOLEP) et sa filiale, l'Union sportive de l'enseignement primaire (USEP), créée en 1939, permet à des centaines de milliers d'enfants la pratique du sport.
À partir de 1940, le nouveau gouvernement de Vichy décide d'écarter de la vie publique cette organisation influente et, par décret du 17 avril 1942, la Ligue est dissoute et ses biens placés sous séquestre. Elle est rétablie en 1945, lors du Congrès de refondation au cours duquel le général de Gaulle déclare : « Honneur à la Ligue de l'enseignement ».
Dans son assemblée générale du 11 juillet 1967, une nouvelle réforme des statuts est adoptée. La Ligue prend alors le nom de « Ligue française de l’enseignement et de l’éducation permanente, Confédération générale des œuvres laïques ».
Par arrêté du 8 janvier 1985, puis du 19 avril 1985 modifiant le premier arrêté, elle devient titulaire d’une concession de service public.
Depuis lors, la Ligue est au cœur du rassemblement des organisations laïques qui luttent en faveur de l'école de la République, et ses actions se déploient bien au-delà de l'école et du périscolaire. Ainsi, tout en restant ancrée dans le monde rural, elle s'investit dans les quartiers urbains. À la suite de l'échec du « grand service public unifié et laïque de l'Éducation nationale », la Ligue approfondit la notion de laïcité en sollicitant les sciences humaines et en se confrontant aux croyants. En 1987, les Cercles Condorcet sont créés dans le but d'alimenter les débats d'idées. En 1999, la Ligue organise le premier Salon de l'éducation qui a lieu depuis lors, tous les ans, à la fin du mois de novembre.
En 2016, la Ligue célébre son 150e anniversaire.
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