1982
2004
Centre national de la photographie (France ; 1982-2004)
Le Centre national de la photographie (CNP) est né en 1982, à l’initiative de Jack Lang, alors ministre de la Culture et de la communication, dans le but de doter la France d’un lieu d’exposition uniquement dédié à la photographie. Le CNP a été créé sous le statut d’une association de droit privé, à but non lucratif, régie par la loi du 1er juillet 1901. L’association a été déclarée à la préfecture de police de Paris le 4 octobre 1982 (Journal officiel des Associations du 16 octobre 1982). Son siège social est, au moment de la fondation, au 27, avenue de l’Opéra à Paris. Puis, suite à un déménagement, les bureaux de l’administration du Centre National de la Photographie se trouve au 42, avenue des Gobelins dans le XIIIe arrondissement. Le CNP est placé, dès sa création, sous la tutelle de la Délégation aux arts plastiques du ministère de la Culture.
Le Centre de la photographie a pour missions :
la promotion de la création photographique dans les médias et en particulier sous forme de coproduction avec les chaînes de télévision ;
l’organisation d’expositions et la mise à disposition de ces expositions auprès d’institutions culturelles décentralisées ;
l’intervention dans le domaine de la publication et de l’édition d’ouvrages destinés à mieux faire connaître la photographie, notamment française ;
l’attribution de bourses à de jeunes artistes ;
l’achat d’œuvres en vue d’encourager la création contemporaine ;
le recueil de documentation et l’information du public sur les activités photographiques en France et à l’étranger ;
l’organisation de séminaires et de rencontres sur la photographie ;
la coopération avec les organismes homologues à l’étranger.
Le conseil d’administration est composé de huit membres élus par l’assemblée générale. Il est composé de représentants du ministère de la Culture, du ministère de l’Éducation nationale, ainsi que de personnalités de la photographie, tel Raymond Depardon. L’assemblée générale approuve le rapport annuel du président sur la situation financière et morale de l’association, le rapport d’activité présenté par le directeur, les comptes de l’exercice et donne quitus au trésorier.
Le CNP est soutenu par deux partenaires, d’abord le Crédit commercial de France (CCF), entre 1990 et 1993, puis par la fondation NSM Vie du Groupe ABN AMRO entre 1997 et 2003.
En 2004, le Centre national de la photographie, la Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, et Patrimoine photographique fusionnent pour donner naissance au Jeu de Paume, association subventionnée par le ministère de la Culture et de la communication, présidée par Alain-Dominique Perrin et dirigée par Régis Durand jusqu’en 2006. Jean Maheu, ancien président du CNP est membre fondateur de la nouvelle association.
Organisation d’expositions
Entre 1983 et 2004, le CNP a organisé 241 expositions, dont 150 réalisées, sous la direction de Robert Delpire, entre 1983 et 1996. Ces expositions circulent ensuite sur le territoire français, ainsi qu’en Europe et dans le reste du monde. En outre, plusieurs expositions sont organisées hors les murs du CNP, notamment, lors des Rencontres photographiques d’Arles. Dans le cadre de ses missions, le CNP organise également différentes expositions avec des musées d’art contemporain, situés hors de la région parisienne.
Avant d’être hébergé au Palais de Tokyo en 1984, le CNP réalise quatre expositions à la Société française d’architecture, à l’École nationale supérieure des Beaux-arts de Paris, à la Galerie Mansart de la Bibliothèque nationale de France et au musée Carnavalet.
D’abord centré sur la valorisation de l’objet photographique des origines à nos jours, le ministère de la Culture et de la communication redéfinit, en 1996, les orientations du CNP, en concentrant, notamment, son action sur la valorisation de la photographie contemporaine et sur les installations mêlant plusieurs médias. Régis Durand, alors nommé directeur, suit ces nouvelles orientations. Ainsi, à partir de cette date, les expositions ne seront plus consacrées qu’à des artistes contemporains.
Soutien à la création photographique
La première exposition du CNP, en 1983, est la « Biennale Moins Trente », qui est un concours ouvert à tous les photographes résidents en France âgés de moins de trente ans. Les lauréats bénéficient d’une bourse et d’une exposition de leurs œuvres par le CNP. Sept biennales sont organisées entre 1983 et 1996.
Entre 1984 et 1996, le CNP expose, chaque année, pendant deux mois, le lauréat du Prix Niépce, décerné par l’association Gens d’Images, avec le concours de la Fondation d’entreprise Hewlett Packard.
Le Grand prix international Henri Cartier-Bresson (HCB Awards), créé avec le soutien d’American Express, est remis en 1989 au CNP. La remise du prix est suivie d’une exposition des œuvres du lauréat.
À partir de 1996, Régis Durand organise les Ateliers, qui sont des espaces d’expositions de courtes durées dédiés aux projets de jeunes artistes. Deux à trois Ateliers accompagnent les expositions d’artistes et de photographes plus connus entre 1996 et 2004.
Production audiovisuelle
En 1984, la série Contacts est lancée par Robert Delpire, sur une idée de William Klein, qui réalise le premier film. Entre 1988 et 1990, huit titres sont parus, en coproduction avec la Sept/Arte et Riff production. La série est reprise par Régis Durand qui dirige la réalisation de vingt-deux titres entre 1997 et 2003 avec Arte France et KS Visions.
En outre, en 1984, un film de 80 minutes, Les Années-déclics, réalisé par Raymond Depardon, est diffusé sur Antenne 2.
En 1991, le CNP produit la série de 60 films Une minute pour image, d’une minute, diffusée sur FR3 entre le 17 octobre 1991 et le 27 janvier 1992. Cette série retrace une histoire de la photographie entre 1826 et 1983. Cette diffusion est accompagnée d’un ouvrage et d’une exposition au CNP qui ensuite circule pendant plusieurs années en France.
Publication sur la photographie
En 1982, lors de la création du CNP, Robert Delpire fonde la collection Photo Poche. En 1995, la collection compte 74 titres. Cette collection a pour vocation de rendre accessible au grand public l’essentiel sur un photographe ou sur un thème. Suite à sa démission du CNP, Robert Delpire signe un accord de coproduction et de distribution avec les éditions Nathan qui rachètent la collection.
Cette collection est complétée par d’autres collections : Photo Notes et Photo Copies. À partir de 1997, le CNP, publie un journal gratuit, qui compte 21 numéros ainsi qu’une trentaine de catalogues pour les expositions présentées au CNP.
Action culturelle
Entre 1992 à 1998, le CNP a l’initiative, avec le concours du ministère de la Culture et de la communication, du ministère de l’Éducation nationale et de l’Association pour la promotion de l’image (API), d’une opération de sensibilisation des scolaires à la photographie.
Sous la direction de Régis Durand, l’action culturelle prend une nouvelle forme, grâce à l’organisation des Soirées Prospects ; Soirées pendant lesquelles un artiste est invité à réaliser une performance ou à présenter son œuvre.
Bâtiments
Après avoir organisé plusieurs expositions dans divers lieux en 1983, le CNP s’installe, au début de l’année 1984, au Palais de Tokyo.
À la fin de l’année 1993, le CNP déménage à l’Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild, situé au 11 de la rue Berryer. L’Hôtel accueille des expositions de 1993 à 2004.
Directeurs
Robert Delpire (1983-1996)
Régis Durand (1996-2004)
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