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Bureau de l'enseignement de la danse

Corporate body | 20 octobre 1982 - 21 septembre 1998 Identifier: FRAN_NP_005299
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France
Archives nationales

Date of foundation:

20 octobre 1982

Date of closing:

21 septembre 1998

Alternative names:

France. Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Direction de la Musique et de la Danse. Délégation à la danse. Section de l'enseignement (1982-1998)

PLACE

Place:

Hôtel Kinsky

Saint-Dominique (rue)

Role of the place:

Lieu de Paris

LEGAL STATUS

Legal status:

service d'administration centrale

FUNCTION

Function:

Function:

Function:

coordination

Function:

Function:

décentralisation

Function:

formation

Function:

inspection

Function:

évaluation

MANDATE

STRUCTURE

Note:

Liste des chef de bureau et de section :

Jean-Pierre Rousselet (1971-1972), Claude Gallant (1972-1974), Geneviève Lafrance (1974-1990), Denise Bardou (1990-1993), Claudie Bobin (1995-1998).

HISTORICAL NOTE

Historical note:

Le premier service dont les missions sont en partie dédiées à l’enseignement de la danse est mis en place en 1970 avec la création de la Direction de la Musique de l’Art Lyrique et de la Danse (DMALD). Ce service est nommé « bureau de l’Art Lyrique et de la Danse ». Ses missions sont la tutelle des Théâtres Lyriques Nationaux, la décentralisation lyrique et chorégraphique, les questions relatives aux compagnies chorégraphiques et l’enseignement de la danse. L’organisation de la DMALD est modifiée en 1974, ses services sont structurés en 3 divisions dont une « division de l’enseignement et de la formation », comprenant un « bureau de l’enseignement de la danse ». C’est le premier service dédié uniquement à ce domaine et à la préparation de l’application de la réglementation relative à l’enseignement de la danse du 1er décembre 1965. En 1979 la DMALD devient Direction de la Musique (DM) et les missions du bureau de l’enseignement de la danse sont élargies et comprennent désormais : la loi relative à l’enseignement de la danse, les relations avec les organisations professionnelles, l’orientation et l’information du public, ainsi que les subventions aux associations.

En 1982, la DM est transformée en Direction de la Musique et de la Danse (DMD) et se compose de 7 divisions. Le bureau de l’enseignement de la danse devient un service au sein de la division de la danse. Ses missions demeurent la législation et la réglementation de l’enseignement, l’information au public et les aides financières par l’attribution de bourses d’études chorégraphiques. En 1987 la division de la danse devient délégation à la danse, le secteur de l’enseignement et ses missions restent les mêmes.

D’après l’article 3 de l’arrêté, la délégation à la danse est compétente pour toutes les questions relatives à la danse notamment :

« - la législation et la réglementation de l’enseignement chorégraphique ;

- la tutelle et le contrôle technique de l’enseignement public de la danse : école de danse de l’Opéra de Paris, départements de danse des conservatoires nationaux supérieurs de musique, conservatoires nationaux de région, écoles nationales de musique et tous établissements de formation supérieure subventionnés par l’État ;

- la formation professionnelle des danseurs et l’insertion des danseurs dans la vie professionnelle. »

Les modifications d’organigramme de la DMD effectuées en 1989 et 1995 n’affecte pas l’organisation de la délégation et ajoute pour le secteur de l’enseignement la définition de l'action en milieu scolaire et universitaire.

La principale mission du service de l’enseignement de la danse est la mise en vigueur de la loi relative à l’enseignement de la danse du 1er décembre 1965. Cette loi a pour but la régulation de l’enseignement de la danse à l’échelle nationale. La mise en application de cette loi n’arrive pas à terme suite à des divergences au sein de la profession et au niveau ministériel. À cette époque l’enseignement de la danse est réparti entre le secteur public (Conservatoires Supérieurs Nationaux de Musique (CNSM), École de l’Opéra de Paris et conservatoires nationaux de régions (CNR) et écoles nationales de musique (ENM)) et le secteur privé (associations, fédérations sportives et de danse, cours particuliers). Si le secteur public est identifiable dans son organisation et dans le recrutement du personnel enseignant, le secteur privé n’est pas contrôlé. D’après Geneviève Lafrance, directrice du bureau de l’enseignement de la danse de 1974 à 1989, « cette loi vise à prévenir les conséquences néfastes de l’absence actuelle de contrôle, à imposer une qualification professionnelle de base et à mettre fin à la prolifération anarchique des structures d’enseignements privés. ». D’après une note à l’intention de Michel Guy, alors secrétaire d’État à la Culture, rédigée par Jean Maheu, directeur de la DMALD, le 17 avril 1978, « pour le secteur public, où l’obligation du diplôme jouera également, ce n’est pas le contrôle ou la compétence qui font défaut : ce sont les locaux, tout à fait insuffisants dans les Conservatoires et au niveau de la formation même, une certaine ouverture sur la danse contemporaine. ». Les discussions sont donc engagées avec les syndicats de danseurs (Syndicat National Artistes Chorégraphiques, Syndicat Français des Artistes, Syndicat de Professeurs et Maîtres de Danse), les fédérations (Fédération Française de Danse, Fédération Française de Danse et d’Art Chorégraphique et d’Expression Corporelle) et les organismes nationaux (CNSM, RTLN, CNR et ENM) entre 1971 et 1978. Ces réunions ont pour thèmes : l’organisation du diplôme, le contenu des épreuves (anatomie-physiologie et psycho-pédagogie, histoire de la Danse et de la Musique), les conditions d’hygiène et de sécurité dans le cadre du diplôme.

Le projet de loi est porté par le Ministère de la Culture qui est reconnu en 1973 comme possédant « autorité totale » pour l’aménagement du diplôme, suite aux divergences avec le Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports représentant du secteur privé (les fédérations) dans les discussions. Les différences de conceptions de l’enseignement de la danse amène à la création unilatérale en 1975 d’un « brevet d’État des Arts du Mouvement », comportant les options du futur Diplôme d’État (danse classique, danse moderne, danse jazz, danse de caractère et danse de société) par ce ministère. Cet acte conduit au renforcement de l’exclusivité du Secrétariat d’État à la Culture pour valider ce qui est également appelé le diplôme de « base », voulu unique et universel.

Le bureau de l’enseignement de la danse joue dans ce contexte un rôle de médiateur entre les professionnels de la danse et le directeur de la Musique et de la Danse. Bien que l’enseignement privé ne soit pas contrôlé par le Ministère de la Culture, le bureau exerce une tutelle en créant des liens avec ce secteur par l’intermédiaire des fédérations de syndicats et d’associations regroupant un grand nombre de professeurs de danse. Cette mission est à l’œuvre pendant toute la durée d’existence du service jusqu’en 1998. Les débats autour de ce projet de loi aboutissent en 1989 à la loi du 10 juillet relative à l’enseignement de la danse, publié au Journal Officiel n°89-468 du 11 juillet 1989.

Dans le contexte de la Décentralisation et de la « réforme de l’enseignement spécialisé » engagé par Michel Guy en 1975, le bureau de l’enseignement de la danse a également pour mission l’inclusion des cours de danse dans les nouveaux cursus d’études au sein des CNR. En lien avec le service de l’Inspection où Léone Mail est chargée de la danse, les réflexions portent sur l’organisation des cursus, des niveaux d’études, de l’évaluation. Le contenu des cours demeure une question prégnante avec des débats sur le solfège adapté à la danse, les méthodes actives d’enseignement ou la « choréologie ». Le service s’attache également aux procédures de transformations des écoles régionales en conservatoire ou de classement des écoles municipales en école nationale de musique.

En 1987 le budget du service de l’enseignement de la danse est répartit en deux grands axes : la sensibilisation et l’enseignement de base et le soutien à l’enseignement professionnel. Le premier comprend le développement d’actions en lien avec l’Éducation nationale (notamment la mise en place de stages de formation pour intervenants en milieu scolaire avec le Centre National pour l’Action Artistique et Culturelle ou CENAC), des aides en directions de la pratique amateur dont les fédérations et l’aide à la formation de base avec la création de postes d’inspection des classes de danse contemporaine dans les CNR, des stages de préparation au Certificat d’Aptitude (obligatoire pour enseigner en conservatoire) et la mise en place des classes à horaires aménagés en partenariat avec les collectivités. Le soutien à la formation professionnelle se traduit par des subventions aux organismes de formation comme le Centre National de Danse Contemporaine d’Angers, le Ballet du Rhin ou le Théâtre Contemporain de la Danse puis l’IFEDEM (Institut de Formation des Enseignants de la Musique et de la Danse) premier centre de formations de formateurs pour le Diplôme d’État ouvert en 1993. Les aides sont également à destination des jeunes danseurs dès 1982, par l’attribution de bourses d’études chorégraphiques auprès de compagnies professionnelles (Maguy Marin à Annecy, Michel Hallet à Lyon, Susan Buirge à Aix-en-Provence, Quentin Rouillier à Caen) via le Centre d’Animation Musical (CENAM). Dans la perspective de la création d’une Cinémathèque de la Danse, le bureau contribue à la réalisation d’un certain nombre de films sur la danse, notamment par la réalisation des variations imposées du Bac F11 « option danse ».

De ce contexte général de mutations du secteur chorégraphique, le service de l’enseignement de la danse exerce une mission de conseil et d’information auprès du public de particuliers ou de professionnels. Il les oriente sur les structures de l’enseignement de la danse en France ainsi que tous les textes réglementaires nécessaires, sur les assurances sociales et les dispositions fiscales particulières, notamment avec l’application de la loi du 26 janvier 1984 relative au statut de la Fonction Publique Territoriale.

Au début des années 1990, la section de l’enseignement de la danse de la délégation à la danse participe au développement de la danse au sein des Universités. Ces actions se déploient avec la création d’un diplôme universitaire en danse à l’Université Paris 8, par l’ouverture de parcours universitaires par conventions entre les universités Lyon II et de Toulouse avec les compagnies Michel Hallet et Jean-Marc Matos, ainsi que la mise en place de plusieurs projets au sein des universités avec Jean-Claude Gallotta à Grenoble ou Susan Buirge à Nice par exemple.

La même année, par arrêté du 14 mai 1990, un Conseil National des enseignements supérieurs de musique et de danse est crée et organisé en deux sections (danse et musique). Ce conseil est composé de présidents d’universités (Paris V pour la section danse et l’Université Louis-Lumière-Lyon II pour la section musique), de directeurs de Conservatoires Nationaux de Régions, des inspecteurs de la musique en régions et de personnalités du milieu musicale et chorégraphique. Ce conseil présidé par le directeur de la DMD, est un nouvel élément d’étude qui participe à l’élaboration de la politique du ministère grâce à ses enquêtes et ses rapports sur la profession.

La section de l’enseignement de la danse sera par la suite influencée par les travaux du Conseil Supérieur de la Danse (CSD) créée en 1988. Ce conseil est chargé par la Délégation à la Danse d’émettre des propositions pour aider à l’orientation de la politique de la danse. Il est composé par une quarantaine de personnes qualifiées de la profession (danseurs, chorégraphes, programmateurs) et s’attache à effectuer des études spécifiques dans tous les domaines du milieu chorégraphique.


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This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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