03/08/1976
26/12/2014
du 3 août 1976 au 26 décembre 2014
CNDP
Centre national de documentation pédagogique (France ; 1976-2014)
Selon le décret n° 70-799 du 9 septembre 1970, et l’article 3 du décret n° 76-145 du 3 août 1976, le CNDP est placé sous l’autorité d’un conseil d’administration présidé par le recteur de l’académie de Paris. Il est administré par un directeur qui remplit conjointement la fonction de chef du service d’études et de documentation pédagogique de l’administration centrale. Il est nommé dans les mêmes conditions que les chefs de service de l’administration centrale. L’agent comptable est quant à lui nommé par arrêté conjoint du ministre de l’Éducation nationale et du ministre des Finances, et est placé sous l’autorité directe du directeur du CNDP.
Dans les années 1990, le CNDP est organisé en trois directions :
• la direction de la documentation qui comprend deux services : le service des systèmes et réseaux documentaires, le service des publications administratives,
• la direction de l’édition, composée du service de la programmation éditoriale, du service national de la production,
• la direction de l’ingénierie éducative, comprenant trois services : le service des technologies de l’audiovisuel et de la communication éducative (STACE), le service de l’informatique éducative (SIE), le service des exploitations éducatives.
Le secrétariat général regroupe la division des actions communes, la division des règles et de la logistique du réseau, la division des actions spécifiques et relations de partenariat, la division du personnel, la division des affaires générale et financières et la division des affaires juridiques.
Le CNDP comprend également deux groupes de travail inter-services présidés par le directeur général : observation des produits et questions internationales. Le directeur général gère les services centraux et organise également la coordination des services régionaux et départementaux.
Directeurs du CNDP :
19/01/1955-23/10/1956 : Louis Cros
05/08/1976-n.c. : Gabriel Quencez
27/07/1983-09/11/1984 : Serge Héritier
09/11/1984-17/02/1987 : Guy Guillier de Chalvron
17/02/1987-14/03/1990 : Jean-François de Martel
14/03/1990-23/01/1995 : Pierre Trincal
23/01/1995-11/01/2001 : Roger-François Gauthier
11/01/2001-23/01/2004 : Claude Mollar
23/01/2004-21/10/2005 : Alain Coulon
21/10/2005-23/11/2011 : Patrick Dion
23/11/2011-31/10/2014 : Jean-Marc Merriaux
On considère la création du Musée pédagogique le 13 mai 1879, à l’initiative de Ferdinand Buisson et Jules Ferry, comme point de départ de l’historique du Centre national de documentation pédagogique (CNDP). Le musée est composé à la fois d’un musée scolaire et d’une bibliothèque centrale de l’enseignement primaire qui comprennent des collections diverses de matériel scolaire, des documents historiques et statistiques et des livres de classe provenant de France et de l’étranger, ainsi qu’un service des vues fixes.
1) 1936-1955
À la suite de la première guerre mondiale naît un besoin nouveau : un centre d’étude théorique de pédagogie, où la sociologie et la psychologie expérimentale permettraient un lien avec la pédagogie pratique. Les réformes engagées par Paul Langevin aboutissent le 28 avril 1932 à la constitution d’un premier Centre national de documentation pédagogique. La création est confirmée par le décret du 6 décembre 1936 : « il est institué au musée pédagogique un centre national de documentation pédagogique chargé de rechercher, de classer systématiquement, de mettre en valeur et de tenir à la disposition du ministre, des administrations et personnalités accréditées une documentation générale tant française qu’étrangères relatives à toutes les questions d’ordre pédagogique ressortissant au ministère de l’Éducation nationale ».
Sous la direction d’un fonctionnaire du Musée pédagogique, le CNDP constitue un service rattaché au Musée et, est installé au 29 rue d'Ulm à Paris. Sous l’impulsion de son directeur Louis Cros, il prend un nouvel essor, correspondant à la fois aux nécessités créées par l'évolution et les réformes de l'enseignement et à l'emploi de plus en plus répandu des moyens nouveaux d'information et d'échanges : radio, cinéma, télévision, disques, etc. En 1939 est rattaché au CNDP le Centre national d’enseignement par correspondance (CNEC), puis en 1945 le Centre international d’études pédagogiques (CIEP).
2) 1955-1956
Suite à la loi n° 54-405 du 10 avril 1954 relative au développement des crédits affectés aux dépenses du ministère de l'Éducation nationale pour l'exercice de l’année 1955, il est décidé par le décret n° 55-109 du 19 janvier 1955 que « L’établissement public d’éducation, de documentation et de recherche formé par la réunion du musée pédagogique, de la bibliothèque, de la cinémathèque et de la phonothèque centrales de l’enseignement public, du service des publications de l'Éducation nationale et des services d’études et de distribution qui leur sont rattachés, prend le nom de Centre national de documentation pédagogique ». Dorénavant, le CNDP devient « un établissement public d'éducation, de documentation et de recherche, jouissant de la personnalité civile et de l'autonomie financière ».
Ses attributions sont notamment d'assurer une mission de documentation, d'édition, d'ingénierie éducative susceptibles de favoriser le rayonnement scolaire et universitaire, de perfectionner la formation des maîtres, les méthodes et les moyens de l'enseignement. Il coordonne également l'activité des centres régionaux (CRDP) et départementaux (CDDP) de documentation pédagogique.
À ce stade, la dénomination de l'établissement ne correspond plus exactement aux tâches qu'il doit assumer : le décret du 23 octobre 1956 modifie le nom du CNDP en « Institut national de documentation pédagogique et de perfectionnement et distribution des moyens d’enseignement », ou Institut pédagogique national (IPN).
3) 1976-2014
Jusqu’en 1970, l’IPN ne cesse de se développer et d'étendre son action au profit des divers ordres d'enseignement. L'extension de ses activités amène le Gouvernement, par deux décrets du 9 septembre 1970, à créer, à partir de l'organisme initial, deux établissements distincts :
- l'un chargé de promouvoir le développement des techniques nouvelles d'enseignement, l'Office français des techniques modernes d'éducation (OFRATEME) ;
- l'autre destiné à couvrir les missions de recherche, de documentation et d'informations pédagogiques, activités de base de l'Institut national de recherche et de documentation pédagogique (INRDP).
Cependant, depuis 1970, les activités de recherche se sont considérablement développées et justifient l'existence d'un établissement autonome. L'application, en 1977, de la réforme du système éducatif (loi du 11 juillet 1975) nécessite par ailleurs la mise en place d'un organisme ayant pour mission d'élaborer et de diffuser une documentation utilisant tous les supports écrits et audiovisuels nécessaires à la formation initiale et permanente des maîtres. Pour ce faire, l'ancien OFRATEME va élargir son domaine à toutes les formes de la documentation et, par le décret n° 76-145 du 3 août 1976, reprend le nom de Centre national de documentation pédagogique (CNDP).
Toutefois, la transformation de l’OFRATEME en CNDP, par décret n° 76-145 du 3 août 1976, n’a pas donné lieu à une redéfinition des missions du nouvel établissement, dont les règles statuaires sont toujours celles du décret du 9 septembre 1970. Ces missions principales restent :
- de promouvoir le développement des techniques modernes dans l'éducation à travers des recherches,
- d’élaborer et de diffuser une documentation pédagogique ainsi qu’une documentation sur le contenu des enseignements, utilisant tous les supports écrits et audiovisuels ou que les techniques modernes de communication peuvent créer, notamment en vue de la formation et du perfectionnement des maîtres,
- d’apporter son concours, pour tous les niveaux des enseignements scolaires, à la formation initiale et permanente des maîtres.
Les centres régionaux de documentation pédagogique (CRDP) et départementaux (CDDP) relèvent du CNDP.
Le statut du CNDP est modifié par le décret n° 92-56 du 17 janvier 1992, qui transforme les CRDP en des établissements publics nationaux à caractère administratif, placés sous la tutelle du ministre chargé de l'éducation.
Suite à la délocalisation décidée par le Premier ministre Jean-Pierre Raffarin, le CNDP déménage en 2002 dans le département de la Vienne. Son siège est désormais situé sur la technopole du Futuroscope, dans la commune de Chasseneuil-du-Poitou.
Entre 2002 et 2014, le réseau de documentation de l'Éducation nationale s’appelle Services, culture, éditions, ressources pour l'Éducation nationale (Scérén). Il rassemble : le Centre national de documentation pédagogique (CNDP), le Centre de liaison de l'enseignement et des médias d'informations (CLEMI), 30 centres régionaux de documentation pédagogique (CRDP), 86 centres départementaux de documentation pédagogique et des centres locaux.
Au 1er janvier 2011, le Musée national de l'Éducation (MUNAÉ) précédemment géré par l'INRP, intègre le CNDP.
En février 2014, suite au décret n° 2014-1631 du 26 décembre 2014 portant sur la modification de l'organisation du CNDP, celui-ci prend le nom de Réseau Canopé, et intègre à celui-ci les trente centres régionaux de documentation pédagogique (CRDP) (précédemment détachés en 1992).
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