1810-01-31
1814
Consejo de Regencia de España e Indias
Supremo Consejo de Regencia
-Creación mediante el Real Decreto del 29 de enero de 1810 que establece que "toda la autoridad y el poder que exerce la Junta Suprema se transfiere a este Consejo de Regencia, sin limitación alguna".
Las incidencias de la Regencia, determinaron que, en el margen de cuatro años, tuviera cuatro reglamentos de funcionamiento, el inicial de su establecimiento, en enero de 1810, el más breve de todos y los tres con los que les dotó las Cortes: el "reglamento provisional del poder ejecutivo" del 16 de enero de 1811, el "nuevo reglamento de la Regencia del Reino" del 26 de enero de 1812, desarrollado en el decreto del 13 de marzo, y otro "nuevo reglamento de la Regencia del Reino" del 8 de abril de 1813.
En todos ellos, a grandes rasgos, se reflejan las mismas competencias: la publicación de las leyes y decretos de las Cortes; la firma o rúbrica de todos los documentos que precisasen la firma o rúbrica del rey; la expedición de los decretos, reglamentos o instrucciones; la vigilancia del cumplimiento de la justicia; la firma de tratados de paz y de comercio; el nombramiento de los magistrados de todos los tribunales y la provisión de todos los empleos civiles y militares; la fabricación de moneda, y la recaudación de rentas; la proposición de leyes; el nombramiento de los Secretarios del despacho; el pase o retención de bulas, etc. Además, en todos los reglamentos se presta especial atención al despacho de los negocios de la Regencia con los Secretarios del Despacho.
El Consejo de Regencia o 'Regencia de los Cinco', fue instaurado por Real Decreto del 29 de enero de 1810, en sustitución de la Junta Central Suprema Gubernativa del Reino, al establecer que toda la autoridad y el poder que ejerce la Junta Central transfiere a este Consejo de Regencia, sin limitación alguna, nombrándose cinco individuos que permanecerán en este supremo encargo hasta la celebración de las Cortes, las cuales determinarán la clase de gobierno que habrán de sustituir.
Este primer Consejo de Regencia se instaló en la isla de León el 31 de enero de 1810. Estuvo presidido por el obispo de Orense que sustituyó en sus funciones al conde de Floridablanca, que presidía la la Junta Central.
Los esfuerzos de ambos organismos dieron pie a la reunión de las Cortes de Cádiz que promulgarán en 1812 la Constitución.
Las incidencias de la Regencia determinaron que, en el margen de cuatro años, tuviera cuatro reglamentos de funcionamiento, el inicial de su establecimiento, en enero de 1810, el más breve de todos y los tres con los que les dotó las Cortes: el Reglamento provisional del poder ejecutivo del 16 de enero de 1811, el nuevo Reglamento de la Regencia del Reino del 26 de enero de 1812, desarrollado en el Decreto del 13 de marzo, y otro nuevo Reglamento de la Regencia del Reino, del 8 de abril de 1813.
En todos ellos, a grandes rasgos, se reflejan las mismas competencias: la publicación de las leyes y decretos de las Cortes; la firma o rúbrica de todos los documentos que precisasen la firma o rúbrica del Rey; la expedición de los decretos, reglamentos o instrucciones; la vigilancia del cumplimiento de la justicia; la firma de tratados de paz y de comercio; el nombramiento de los magistrados de todos los tribunales y la provisión de todos los empleos civiles y militares; la fabricación de moneda y la recaudación de rentas; la proposición de leyes; el nombramiento de los secretarios del despacho; el pase o retención de bulas, etcétera. Además, en todos los reglamentos se presta especial atención al despacho de los negocios de la Regencia con los secretarios del Despacho.
El Consejo de Regencia fue disuelto por la restauración absolutista a la vuelta de Fernando VII en 1814.
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