Join us

Our backbone

Archives Portal Europe lives through its contributors, the archival institutions holding archival heritage about Europe, and the people contributing to the project. There are different ways of becoming part of the network: as a simple Registered User, as an Ambassador, as Content Provider, as a Country Manager, or as an Associate.

We welcome any type of institution - large national archival institutions as well as small local city archives, private archives, corporate archives, special collections, etc. The more institutions participate in Archives Portal Europe, the more the digital landscape of European archives will grow and diversify, and the more content will become available for users around the world. Joining as Content Provider is completely free of charge, and our technical team will support you in creating a tailored digital strategy. If you want to become a leading partner in the Archives Portal Europe Foundation and commit to determine its long-term strategy and goal, you can become an Associate.

Just like institutions make Archives Portal Europe by providing the archival material, the portal remains alive only as long as people use it and interact with its content and network. If you are an individual or a research centre interested in collaborating with us, please get in touch with our staff, or read how to become an Ambassador. Meanwhile, do create your personal account in the portal, to enjoy all the perks of a Registered User.

Please also join our newsletter, to stay in the loop with all our activities! You can register here.

What would you like to join as?

Why you should register

As a registered user, you will have your own virtual office on Archives Portal Europe to save your searches, share them with anyone you want, and collaborate to the portal. All functionalities are completely free of charge, and you will be able to:

Save searches and bookmark documents

You can save your search terms and connected results and share them from your account. You can bookmark specific finding aids, as well as Highlights and Topics, and combine them into collections

Stay up-to-date with your searches

You can find out if there is new material available on your searches and collections, and connect with other researchers who are conducting research similar to yours


Get help & stay in touch

Join a network of volunteers and professionals willing to offer you help about your research: you will be in touch with archivists from thousands of institutions willing to help you with your research, and to connect with researchers looking for similar documents as you

Create your free account

Ready to join Archives Portal Europe and start saving your searches and bookmarks?

Create account

Do you have a special interest in historical archives & research?

We are always looking for people interested in acting as ambassadors in their communities, promoting the usage of APE locally, in their languages and for their interests. If you are a student, this is a unique experience to work closely with archival institutions in your area as well as at an international level - but the scheme is open to anyone interested in collaborating with us!

If you are interested in collaborating with online archives and Archives Portal Europe, please simply email your CV (in English) to info@archivesportaleurope.net and fill in this quick application form.

You can read more information about the scheme in our call here: APE Ambassadors Call.pdf

We are looking for help with activities such as:

- Researching material and writing for our online digital exhibitions;
- Managing and writing for our social media channels;
- Translating our brochure and our web pages;
- Organising workshops to present APE in your local communities;
- Searching and testing the portal for bugs, and to find material on our specific Topics

How does it work?

Most of our activities can be done in your own time, at your own pace, when and if you have some time to help; you can pop in and out of projects that interest you.

We communicate mostly through Slack and Trello; but if you are not very "technological", email will also be fine!

You can read below the list of some of the activities that we are currently working on with volunteers; however, these can change or you can have exciting ideas for new projects that we will be happy to start!

Crowdsourcing Projects

We also have specific crowdsourcing projects where you can just help without the need to contact us - even just a 10-minute trial can make the difference! Visit our dedicated page here to find more about it

Automated Topic Detection

We are building a tool that is able to automatically detect archival collections in APE that belong to a specific topic. We need to test it to improve it! Can you spare some time to play with keywords and digital research to help us testing it? All the information are in this blog post about the Automated Topic Detection tool.

What are the benefits of becoming an ambassador?

Professional networking

By volunteering with us, you will collaborate with institutions working in the archival and wider cultural heritage, from Europeana and Dariah to national archives all over Europe as well as local institutions. You will be able to get in touch with different institutions across Europe to organise workshops, projects, and maybe an informal coffee.

New skills

You will have exclusive tutorial and training in the skills you are interested in, whether communication, digital archival standards, methodologies for history research, digital humanities, or other. We will train you not only in what you are helping us with, but in anything that interests you for your future activities.

Exclusive grants

We don't pay (in money) - however, you will have preferential access to the annual grants that we issue for archives-related projects, and we will have budget for the initiatives that you propose (such as participating to conferences or organising a workshop presenting the portal).

A global network

Be the link between your community and a world-wide community of researchers and cultural heritage professionals in the digital age. By volunteering with us, you will get to travel - virtually and, depending on the activities you are involved in, in person - to meet an international community with your same interests.

What would you like to work on?

Archival Standards

Interested in metadata and archival standards?

We are always looking for help with assisting archives to prepare their material for online presentations, enhance metadata, and link them across languages and topics; for example, are you up to creating a Holdings Guide to provide an overview of all collections from a specific institution?

Our standards

Translations

Interested in translations and multilinguality?

Archives Portal Europe works across more than 25 languages; any help in translating our communication material, and to assist in our automatic translations and association projects, will be invaluable - and you will get to experiment with a unique multilingual repository!

Digital Communication

Interested in international and digital communication?

Archives Portal Europe works across more than 30 countries; we organise our communication and marketing across many digital and physical platforms, with a blend of ...

Archives Portal Europe works across more than 30 countries; we organise our communication and marketing across many digital and physical platforms, with a blend of projects and techniques. As an ambassador, you will be in charge of the communication strategy in your country - we call them Ambassadors for a reason.

For example, you could organise a workshop - we have a budget for that! And we ALWAYS need help with our social media pages, if you want to get experience as a social media manager!

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Research & Curation

Interested in historical and archival research?

APE tries and help researchers from all over the world and in different fields to use archives in their practices. This can go from ...

APE tries and help researchers from all over the world and in different fields to use archives in their practices. This can go from finding video footage for the next documentary presented at the Venice Film Festival (you can read more about it here), to help an old lady to find the birth certificate of her great-great grandmother on the other side of the world (we work a lot with generalogy!).

We also create many digital history exhibitions online (our HIGHLIGHTS), with a co-creational approach: this means that we will ask you to search for documents to include in the exhibitions and write the text that accompanies them. If you are interested, get in touch !

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Anything else?

Do you have other ideas?

We are always looking for suggestions and projects in which Archives Portal Europe can be a partner. If you have an idea, please get ...

We are always looking for suggestions and projects in which Archives Portal Europe can be a partner. If you have an idea, please get in touch with our Research and Engagement Coordinator, and we will immediately contact you!

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Do you work for an archival institution?

Then please get in touch! We welcome any type of institution holding archival heritage related to Europe.

Free of charge

Ingesting your material in Archives Portal Europe is completely free of charge, and we will offer you technical support to do it in the easiest way possible

Share your holdings with the world

Make your holdings findable from everywhere in the world, together with hundreds of other archival institutions

Be in control of your data

You will always choose what to share and how. APE will ingest the metadata of your files and make them available in the portal at your conditions

Join an international network of archivists

Stay in touch with an international network of archivists to liaise for projects and be in the loop about the digital future of archival heritage

How does it work?

Step 1

Contact Us!

If you are interested in joining APE, please contact info@archivesportaleurope.net (in your language if you prefer it!) We will get back to you through your Country Manager. The country manager is your first point of contact with APE; you can find the Country Managers' list here

Contact us

Step 2

How do you want to contribute?

Together with your Country Manager, you will decide how you can present your content to the Archives Portal Europe. As far as possible, this should correspond with your institution's requirements; and there is no exclusivity: we can collaborate with a national archives portal, or with a national Europeana aggregator in your country. Remember we are a metadata aggregator, we do not host digitised material directly on our servers. Our exchange of metadata will be formalised by signing the Metadata Exchange Agreement of Archives Portal Europe

Step 3

Is your metadata suitable?

The Archives Portal Europe is based on a set of international archival and technical standards that have been defined specifically for their use in ...

The Archives Portal Europe is based on a set of international archival and technical standards that have been defined specifically for their use in Archives Portal Europe. Our technical team will help you to convert your material in the right format, if needed. Learn more about our technical specs here

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Step 4

Test the conversion of your metadata

The conversion of your data into the common profiles defined for the Archives Portal Europe will be prepared in close cooperation between you and ...

The conversion of your data into the common profiles defined for the Archives Portal Europe will be prepared in close cooperation between you and our technical staff.

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Step 5

Manage your contribution

You can manage the publication workflow (new content, updates, data deletion etc) yourself once this is put in place, or you can authorise a ...

You can manage the publication workflow (new content, updates, data deletion etc) yourself once this is put in place, or you can authorise a third party to do it for you.

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Be the archives' representative for your country

If your country is not represented in Archives Portal Europe yet, please get in touch! Archives Portal Europe is about the history of Europe, but we welcome archives from any country in the world, and we are always looking to expand our network to become more inclusive!



What are the benefits of being a Country Manager?

Being a Country Manager can be hard work at times (though never too hard!), and it has important perks:

Open the archival heritage of your country to the world

You will provide, for all archives of the country you represent, an international platform for researchers from all over the world to find your holdings

Share know-how and best practices

Your archive will join an international community of archives that is shaping and defining the way in which European archives work with digitisation, online presence, and the future of archival research with digital technologies; they will have access to seminars, forums, official and informal discussions with peers from other countries to have advice in how to deal with the challenges and opportunities that archives brought to the archival world

Find partners for grants

APEF is always looking for interesting grant applications, and the Country Managers network allow to find many possible partners for projects at different levels

Enjoy a world-wide communication network

You will enjoy a truly glocal communication network and online platform to advertise their events, exhibitions, campaigns, news, new collections, etc. You will have access to our newsletter, social media network, mailing lists, etc., to advertise your events and news to thousands of people all over Europe. You will have support from APE to organise any type of event or project in your local area - from seminars on digital standards to open research days, from research projects to digitisation campaigns. We can help to organise and sponsor any APE-related activities that your archive might want to organise

What are the duties of a Country Manager?

Country managers will be required to do around 10% of their full time equivalent work - this is one half a day per week.

Be the link between the single institutions and APEF

As Country Manager, you will liaise between the Content Providers and APEF to help with the ingestion of new content in Archives Portal Europe. You will also promote Archives Portal Europe amongst your national-level archives network, to get more institutions to become Content Providers


Be an active part of the Country Manager Network

You will liaise with the other Country Managers and with APEF's central offices to promote Archives Portal Europe in your country, through online meeting as well at the in-person biannual Country Managers' meetings

Help resolve technical hindrances

You will look into technical or other issues that create a hindrance into the ingestion of material in Archives Portal Europe on part of ...

You will look into technical or other issues that create a hindrance into the ingestion of material in Archives Portal Europe on part of providers from your country

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Promote Archives Portal Europe in your country

You will collaborate to the communication activities in your country by translating and distributing promotional material, organise presentation workshops, and liaise with APEF's central ...

You will collaborate to the communication activities in your country by translating and distributing promotional material, organise presentation workshops, and liaise with APEF's central offices to disseminate Archives Portal Europe in your country both to archival institutions and to archives goers.

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If you want to not only contribute, but to shape the future of Archives Portal Europe and become one of the institutions that ensure its long-term sustainability, then you should consider becoming an Associate.

Can become an APEF Associate:

  • Any entity that qualifies as a European Archival Institution, such as any institution that works to preserve documents and sources related to the history of Europe, exclusively or not exclusively
  • Any entity that qualifies as a European Archival Research Institution, such as any institution that promotes research on the history of Europe, exclusively or not exclusively

Application procedure:

Candidates should contact the APEF Presidency ( president@archivesportaleurope.net), with an email describing the activities and profile of the institution interested in joining as an Associate, the reasons for the interest in joining APEF, and any thoughts on what should be the strategy and goals pursued by APEF.

The APEF associate candidate will then be presented to and be approved by the Assembly of Associates (AoA), according to article 21 of the APEF Statutes.

The association to APEF includes an annual contribution fee which varies per associate, in relation to the annual operating expenses of the institution (see our fee classes for more details). If contribution fees represent an insurmountable obstacle, the institution can pay part of the fee via in-kind contribution. In-kind contributions are calculated in person-hours, and can include event organisation, technical support, office work, and any other help that the associate can give. In-kind contributions are discussed individually and agreed with the AoA on a case by case basis (see more details about in-kind contributions in this overview).

Please note that it is not necessary to become an associate to upload content to the portal, which is a service completely free or charge. If you are interested in contributing with content without becoming an Associate, go to the Content Provider section.

Duties of the Associate:

Actively shape the future of the largest online aggregator of European archival material

Maintain, update, expand, and improve the accessibility of the material in the Archives Portal Europe

Maintain and enhance the infrastructure of the Archives Portal Europe to the benefit of its content providers and users

Pay the annual fee and/or deliver in-kind contributions

Benefits of becoming an APEF Associate:

Representation

  • Have a representative to actively contribute to APEF decisions and to the AoA meetings
  • Oversee the policy of the Governing Board and the general course of affairs in the Foundation and be at the source of new developments in the archives domain
  • Unique visibility through the APEF communication channels

Network and training

  • Allow the institution to join a unique network of European Archives and cultural institutions through which to run projects
  • Be actively involved in the European expert centre on aggregation and presentation of archival holdings
  • Be part of a thriving professional network with access to comprehensive documentation on international archival standards and current topics as well as having the opportunity to form new partnerships, to collaborate and innovate
  • Free or discounted participation for trainings, workshops, conferences, and other events set up by the Foundation

Archives Portal Europe help guide

Please select amongst the relevant tips we can help with. If you still have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us, and we will be in touch as soon as possible.

Starting your search here will include all content available in Archives Portal Europe. Simply enter your keyword(s) and hit the search button. Wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks, e.g. “French Revolution”. Check the box to “Search each term separately” in case you are looking for documents containing at least one word, but not necessarily all keywords; this will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages at the same time (e.g. “French Revolution” “Révolution Française”). You can also use wildcards - find more about Research Tools here. If you would like to use more specific settings, try our Advanced search

The additional advanced search options give you the possibility to focus your search in:

  • archival documents (Search in archives),
  • names of person and organisations that created, worked with and maintained these documents (Search in names),
  • Institutions currently holding the documents (Search in institutions).

When searching with multiple terms at the same time, wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks (e.g. "French Revolution"), or check the box "Search each term separately" in case you are looking for either one term of the other. This will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages (e.g. "French Revolution" "Révolution française"). You can also choose one of the suggestions matching your search term once you start typing.

This will only show results that include documents that have been digitised and are available online

Use this option to search only one or more keywords, rather than all of them

Select where your search terms should appear specifically inside the archival description:

  • Title: search terms will appear in the title, or name, of the description
  • Content Summary: search terms will appear in the main description of the document or of the collection
  • Reference code: it is the identifier of the archival material as provided by the institution. Use this option if you know the exact reference code of the material you are looking for

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person.
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation.

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the description of the archive:

  • Name: search term appears in the name of the institution. It can be the full name of an archival institution or only parts of it.
  • Place: search term appears in the address or area of the institution. It can be the city or town, where the archival institution is located or any other place of importance (e.g. previous locations)

  • A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds, up to item level.
  • A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • A source guide is a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions.
    You can filter by one or more entity types:
  • A person (e.g. John Locke, or Jean Jaques Rousseau);
  • A family (e.g. Bonaparte, or Helgason);
  • A corporate body, i.e. the name of an institution, organisation, or company (e.g. Ministerie van Justitie, or Electro Mecánica Antonio Armentano)

Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions:

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Enter a start and/or end date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01-01-1900 for 1 January 1900. This will allow you to focus your search on a specific period of time. You can use the calendar function or type directly in the text field. The checkbox "Exact date search" concentrates the search on one specific date.

Check "View in context" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of archives.

  • Choose "List view" to view the results in a simple list, ordered according to relevance or date
  • Choose "Context view" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of the holding archives.

For more details see Research Tools

Please sign in to save your searches.

A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.

A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level.

You can filter results by selecting one or more countries of interest. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by one or more holding archival institutions. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can select to view results from a specific Finding Aid, i.e., a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter by type of descriptive document:

  • "Holdings Guide": an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • "Source guide": a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions. a description of the archival collections available. Similar to Holdings guides
  • "Finding aid" provides more detailed descriptions of the archival materials of specific collections or fonds

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting "Fonds description" for a general overview or "Other descriptions" for item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting only those containing digital objects, i.e. the link to the digitised version of the archival material you are looking for. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of digital object you are interested in:

  • Text: most documental material, such as administrative records, letters, manuscripts etc.
  • Image: includes photographs, posters, maps.
  • Sound: sound recording with no images
  • Video: moving images with or without sound
  • Unspecified: indicates that the holding institution has not specified the type of digital object
  • 3D: 3-d digital objects

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)

  • Full dates includes normalised date information available for date-based searches. It is recommended to combine this selection with the filters "Start timespan" and "End timespan" for more details.
  • Only descriptive dates provides the date information in human-readable format.
  • No date either includes documents where the creation date is unknown, or where date information is not in a machine-readable format

Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of entities:

  • Person (e.g., John Locke or Jean Jaques Rousseau)
  • Family (e.g., the family Bonaparte)
  • Corporate body (an institution, organisation, or company, e.g. the "Ministerie van Justitie")
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version

What kind of suggestion would you like to make?

  • Assign to topic: assign this record to one of our Topics. Topics are created following the Unesco Thesaurus
  • Suggest translation: If you have translated this archival description or the documents themselves, please send it to us as a .doc or .pdf file
  • Connect to another resource: If this object relates to another resource in Archives Portal Europe, or anywhere else on the web (e.g., an article on Wikipedia), you can suggest it to be linked to this resource
  • Other: If you have any other relevant material, such as a transcription of the document, please upload it and let us know here

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This object is not or no longer protected by copyright and has been labelled with the Public Domain Mark. It can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. All possible existing rights in the content are waived, and the object can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution (BY) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object, even commercially, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Share Alike Licence

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This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.